1.1 Ibiranga kwanduza indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekeroIndwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ziterwa na virusi zinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, nk'umuhogo, urwungano ngogozi, trachea, cyangwa bronchi, biganisha ku ndwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Indwara zisanzwe zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (nka grippe) n'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (nka COVID-19, SARS, MERS, n'ibindi) zandurira cyane cyane mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero no guhura, kandi hari n'ikibazo cyo kwanduza aerosol. Barangwa ninzira zogukwirakwiza, intera yagutse, hamwe no kwanduzwa kwisi yose mubaturage, bigatuma bakunze kwibasirwa n'ibyorezo, kandi bigoye kubirwanya.

1.2 Uruhare rwumwuka mu kwanduza indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekeroUmwuka na aerosole hamwe nuduce duto two mu kirere ni itangazamakuru ryingenzi mu kwanduza indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ibyago byo kwanduzanya indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bifitanye isano n’ibintu nk’umubare w’ubuhumekero w’umurwayi w’ubuhumekero, ingano ya virusi ziva mu murwayi, ingano y’ibitonyanga, umubare w’abarwayi, umubare w’umwuka hamwe n’igipimo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cya icyumba, igihe cyo kwerekana, intera iri hagati yumuntu wagaragaye n umurwayi, kandi niba abakozi bireba bafite uburinzi bwa mask. Gukomeza guhumeka birashobora kugabanya nuclei itonyanga ihumeka umurwayi, ikuraho umwanda uhumanya ikirere, kugabanya ubukana bwa virusi, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kwanduzanya indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.

Umwuka ukikije ahantu hatuwe n’abarwayi bafite indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero nawo urashobora kwanduzwa no kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara, bigomba kwitabwaho no guhabwa agaciro. Microbial aerosole irimo virusi irashobora guhagarikwa mu kirere, kandi guhumeka neza binyuze mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bishobora gutera indwara.

1.3 Ibisabwa byo kwanduza ikirere ibisabwa mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekeroKwanduza ikirere ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guca inzira zanduza indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero kandi ni imwe mu masano y'ingenzi mu kurwanya ikwirakwizwa ry'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Gufata uburyo bwa siyanse kandi bukwiye bwo kwanduza ikirere mugihe cyibikorwa byubuvuzi birashobora kugenzura neza ko indwara zandurira mu bitaro no kwanduzanya kwanduye indwara zitandukanye zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.

Uburyo 2 busanzwe bwo kwanduza ikirere uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekeroUkurikije ibisabwa n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu kandi bikajyana n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvanganzo bw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, iyi ngingo irerekana muri make uburyo rusange bwo kwanduza ikirere mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, harimo n’uburyo bukoreshwa, uburyo bukoreshwa, n'ingaruka zabyo. kwanduza umubiri. Ibigo byubuvuzi n’ibice bifitanye isano birashobora guhitamo ukurikije imiterere n’ibidukikije.

2.1 Kwanduza umubiri GuhumekaHarimo guhumeka bisanzwe hamwe no guhumeka imashini. Guhumeka bisanzwe bivuga guhanahana umwuka binyuze mu itandukaniro riri hagati yumuyaga wo murugo no hanze uterwa numuvuduko wumuriro cyangwa umuvuduko wumuyaga.

Guhumekabivuga kugenda kwumwuka binyuze mugushiraho ibikoresho byo guhumeka, ukoresheje imbaraga zitangwa nabafana nabafana bananiwe. Ugereranije no guhumeka bisanzwe, guhumeka imashini ntabwo byoroha cyane nibidukikije nkibihe, ibihe byumuyaga wo hanze, nubushyuhe, ariko hariho ingorane nko gukoresha ingufu, gushushanya imiyoboro, ingufu zabafana, no gusukura no kwanduza ibikoresho byo guhumeka.

2.2 Kwangiza imitiKwanduza imiti ni ugukoresha imiti yica udukoko igira ingaruka ku kwica virusi, ikoresheje ibikoresho byo kuyihagarika mu kirere kugira ngo yice virusi kandi igere ku ntego yo gukumira no kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zanduza. Imiti yica udukoko ikunze kurwanya indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero harimo aside peracetike, dioxyde ya chlorine, hydrogène peroxide, ozone, n'ibindi. Kubera ko imiti yica imiti muri rusange ifite uburakari no kwangirika, ikwiranye no kwanduza ikirere mu byumba bidatuwe kandi akenshi ikoreshwa mu kwanduza indwara nyuma y’umurwayi. gusohoka mu bigo nderabuzima. Imicungire y’imyororokere y’ibitaro irasaba ko hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gutera spray ultra-low hamwe nuburyo bwa fumigation bwo kwanduza ikirere hamwe n’imiti yica imiti.

2.3 Ibikoresho byo kwanduza ikirereIbikoresho byo kwanduza ikirere birashobora gukoreshwa mu kwanduza ikirere mu ngo igihe abantu bahari kandi byagiye bikoreshwa mubigo byubuvuzi. Ihame shingiro ryibikoresho byo kwanduza ikirere ni ugukoresha ibintu byo kurandura muri byo kugirango bikore ku kirere cyinjira mu cyuma cyangiza ikirere, byica neza mikorobe mu kirere no kuyungurura uduce twinshi.

3 IncamakeKwanduza ikirere birashobora gukumira no kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero no kwirinda kwandura. Mugihe cyiganje cyindwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, guhumeka mu nzu bigomba gukomeza kuba byiza, kandi uburyo bwo guhumeka neza bugomba gukoreshwa neza. Imbere yabantu, guhumeka bisanzwe, guhumeka imashini, cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byangiza ikirere birashobora gufatwa ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Mugihe abantu badahari, kwanduza ultraviolet irrasiyoyasi irashobora gukoreshwa, cyangwa kwibumbira hamwe kwa acide peracetike, dioxyde ya chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, hamwe nindi miti yica udukoko twangiza imiti, kandi kwanduza ikirere birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa spray-ultra-low volume cyangwa uburyo bwa fumigation.